J.U.
So I read your post and it hits home for me. My son was born HH. He had hearing aids at 4 months old. We discovered at 3 yr old that he had a progressive HL and he was diagnosed as profoundly deaf in both ears. He is now a bilateral cochlear implant recipient.
My DH and I went through VERY frustrating times and all I can say is you have to draw the words and signs out of them. Learn his limits of frustration, not when he whines, but his true limits and push him to produce communication. I strongly urge you and your family to embrace ASL. Your child can and will develop a language base from that and if there is potential for him to talk then that will come eventually because you do. I wish I had someone early on tell our family that. We held on so tight that we wanted our son to talk that it was our main focus and that put our sons communication skills in jepordy all for (in my opinion now) selfish reasons. If he hasn't had a hearing test in a while, maybe you should contact your audiologist to see if it has worsened. Also see if they know any families in your area that may have similar situations. Networking is awesome when your in a situation like ours. Sometimes it is nice to have a ear, and sometimes when your the more seasoned/ educated person you can give back.
Remember too, I don't want to sound nasty I mean this from the heart! Your child is the one who is struggling and sometimes it really tests our patients but, you need to put your feelings aside and try to focus on his. If need be, walk away for a minute to gain composure. With a struggle in communication comes tantrums. With a HH or deaf child it takes more repetitive words and signs. Give it time, make some games out of it instead of just when he wants or needs something. Be silly with it.
My son at 2 would kick, bite, hit me and scream. This was because he had NO way to communicate. He pointed a lot and used a few words. That was it. He was living in this busy world that he didn't understand. At bedtime that was the worst. It was a battle and I let him win. They need LOTS of love and routines. One thing I did was I had pictures that he would use (because the are very visual learners). I also posted ASL signs through out the house to not only remind me to use them but for my son to see. It wasn't the prettiest decor but, it helped my husband and I. I also found a website called lifeprint.com and I basically did a free online class. ASLPro.com is great as well. Keep in mind that there are variations of signs just like English so don't get frustrated. Good luck! I am sure everything will smooth out eventually just like it did for our family and now our son at 5, attends a deaf school with spoken English access and is just about at age level with ASL and English.